Apparatus for baling



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April 23, 1963 L. P. ENGLUND 3,086,456

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United States Patent 3,086,456 APPARATUS FOR BALING Lawrence P. England,Huron County, Ohio, assignor to The American Baler Company, Bellevue,Ohio, a corporation of Ohio Original application Sept. 1, 1960, Ser. No.53,531, now Patent No. 3,024,719, dated Mar. 13, 1962. Divided and thisapplication Oct. 25, 1961, Ser. No. 147,528 6 Claims. (Cl. 100-192) Thisinvention relates to balers and is particularly concerned with a balerfor baling shredded waste paper and the like. In particular the presentinvention is concerned with an improved choke arrangement associatedwith the discharge end of the baling chamber by which improved balingresults can be had.

This application is a division of my copending application Ser. No.53,531, now Patent 3,024,719.

Baling machines are known, not only for baling agricultural products butalso for baling Waste paper and other industrial refuse such as metalscrap. What has been found to occur many times is that the bales formedin the baling machines are not compressed to a proper degree or are notuniformly compressed, thus producing improperly shaped bales or bales inwhich the density is so low that they tend to disintegrate. This isparticularly objectionable in connection with the baling of waste paper,especially where the waste paper is finely shredded because it isnecessary to be able to move the bales about to stack them for storageand it is usually necessary to ship them long distances to a paper millwhere the paper will be used.

This difficulty arises chiefly on account of variations in the dragplaced on the bale as it is pushed through the baling chamber. This dragis created by a choke structure which has an arrangement for restrictingthe movement of the bale through .the discharge end of the balingchamber. Any simple mechanical choke structure is ineffective because itdoes not take into account possible variations in a cross-sectional areaof a bale being pushed through the baling chamber.

With the foregoing in mind, one of the primary objectives of the presentinvention is the provision of the improved choke structure for a bailingmechanism which is particularly effective in connection with the balingof finely shredded paper scrap and which is operative to insure theproduction of dense uniform bales.

Still another object of this invention is the provision of anautomatically variable choke structure for a baler which willaccommodate itself to variations in the crosssection of the bale beingmade.

Still another object of this invention is the provision of an improvedchoke structure for a baling machine which can easily be adjusted toadapt it to various conditions.

The foregoing objects as well as still other objects and advantages ofthe present invention will become more apparent upon reference to thefollowing specification taken in connection with the accompanyingdrawings, in which:

FIGURE 1 is a perspective view showing a baling machine having a chokeaccording to the invention incorporated therein;

FIGURE 2 is a transverse sectional view indicated by line 2-2 on FIGURE1 showing the choke construction more in detail;

FIGURE 3 is a side elevation view showing the choke end of the balingmachine;

FIGURE 4 is a perspective View of the lower end of the choke structurelooking up from beneath the baling machine showing an adjustmentassociated with the choke structure;

3,086,456 Patented Apr. 23, 1963 FIGURE 5 is a fragmentary sectionalview showing a portion of the adjusting mechanism; and

FIGURE 6 is a diagrammatic representation of a typical hydraulicactuating circuit for a baling machine according to the presentinvention.

Referring to the drawings somewhat more in detail, the baling machineillustrated in FIGURE 1 comprises a hopper 10 through which shreddedpaper or the like is delivered into a chamber 12 through which thematerial is pushed by a compacting head into an elongated baling chambergenerally indicated at 14. The baling chamber is open on the sides sothat banding wires 16 can be placed around the bales as they are movingthrough the baling chamber.

The baling chamber comprises a top plate 18 and a bottom plate 249 whichare cantilevered from the chamber 12 so that at their outer ends wherethe bale is discharged from the baling chamber, the said top and bottomplates can be moved toward and away from each other.

The present invention is particularly concerned with the construction ofthe device by means of which the top and bottom plates of the balingchamber are urged toward each other thereby to restrict the movement ofthe bales from the baling chamber to cause the desired degree of balingpressure to be built up on the material being baled. A device of thisnature forms an adjustable choke that can be availed of for insuringthat the bales being made are of the proper uniform density, drag andlength.

Reference to FIGURES 2 and 3 taken in connection with FIGURE 1 willreveal that top plate 18 has attached to the side edges thereof angles22, whereas bottom plate 20 has attached to the side edges thereof theangles 24. The bottom plate 20 is stationarily supported as, forexample, on the transverse sill means 26', whereas the top plate is freeto move upwardly and downwardly under the influence of the chokemechanism to be described.

The choke mechanism, according to this invention, comprises a linkagearranged about the bailing chamber adjacent the discharge end andincluding a cylinder 26 resting on top plate 18 and having therein a ram28 that projects from the upper end of the cylinder.

Ram 28 is connected by pin 30 with a triangular con nector member 32that also carries pins 34 that are pivotally attached to the upper endsof downwardly and outwardly extending links 36. At their lower endslinks 36 are pivoted by pins 38 to the vertically extending side frames40. These side frames extend downwardly to below bottom plate 20 and areconnected by pins 42 with blocks 44.

Blocks 44 are slidably disposed inside a downwardly opening channelmember 46 extending laterally beyond bottom plate 20. The sides ofchannel member 46 are slotted as at 48 for receiving pins 42 so that theblocks 44 can be adjusted in the channel longitudinally thereof.

Extending through the channel between blocks 44 is an adjusting rod 50having its opposite ends oppositely threaded as at 52, and threadedlyengaging the bloc-ks 44 so that the rotation of rod 50 will move theblocks 44 either toward each other or away from each other.

The side frame members 40 each consist of spaced vertical bars 54 thatcarry the pivot pins 38 and 42, and to which bars are attached plates 56that extend inwardly from the bars toward the baling chamber. At

their inner edges plates 56 carry the rails'58 that slidably engage thesides of a bale 60 passing through the baling chamber. Plates 56 arealso availed of for receiving the ends of tension rods 62 that areanchored at the center part of the baling machine, as indicated at 64 inFIGURE 1 and which are also attached to the side frame members 40 as bythe nuts 66. These rods carry the axial thrust composed on the chokemechanism by movement of the bale through the baling chamber.

of the choke mechanism is so arranged that when ram 28 is thrustupwardly in piston 26 by a supply of pressure fluidthereto via conduit68, the top plate 18 of the baling chamber is pushed downwardly towardlower plate 20, while simultaneously the side frame members 40" arepushed inwardly toward each other thereby restricting the bale in bothvertical and lateral directions. Suitable adjustment of adjusting rod 50will insure that the bales will be substantially uniform in width fromtop to bottom.

The control of the pressure supplied to the cylinder 26 is accomplishedby an arrangement of the nature illustrated in FIGURE 6. In this view apump 80 draws fluid from a reservoir 82 and supplies it at pump pressureto a conduit 84 leading to a valve 86 that is connected with thecompacting head or baling plunger actuating motor 88 that reciprocatesbaling plunger 89 in the baling chamber.

A branch conduit 90 leads through an adjustable pressure regulatingvalve 92 to conduit 68 and in this manner a regulated supply of pressureis delivered to cylinder 26 to provide for the desired degree of thruston ram 28.

The pressure regulating valve 92 is bypassed by an auxiliary valve 93which will relieve the pressure in cylinder 26 if it exceeds apredetermined amount. This auxiliary valve could be combined with theregulating valve 92 so that the pressure in cylinder 26 could bemaintained with predetermined close limits. The relief of pressure fromthis cylinder can become necessary when an extremely dense portion ispressed through the baling chamber and the provision of the auxiliaryvalve will prevent the load on the baling plunger from exceeding thepredetermined maximum.

By utilizing the choke arrangement of the present invention, a highdegree of density of the bales can be had so that the bales do not tendto deteriorate after being made and, instead, are of uniform shape andsize and density and, furthermore, are regularly shaped so that they caneasily be handled and do not roll when set up on end.

The provision of the choke permits material to be baled which isshredded to an extremely high degree of fineness which is normallydifilcult to bale, but which is of advantage because the paper is in anideal condition for processing in a paper plant to make new paper.

It will be understood that this invention is susceptible to modificationin order to adapt it to difierent usages and conditions; and,accordingly, it is desired to comprehend such modifications within thisinvention as may fall within the scope of the appended claims.

I claim:

1. In a baling machine; an elongated baling chamber, a baling plungerreciprocable in said chamber in one end thereof to compact material tobe baled therein and to push the material toward and out the other endof the baling chamber said baling chamber at said other end comprising afixed bottom wall, a vertically movable top wall, and laterally movableside wall means, a vertically acting piston-cylinder means having onepart mounted on the top Wall and having another part, links connectingsaid other part with said side wall means at the top thereof, and meanscarried on the bo tom of said bottom wall extending laterally of thebaling chamber and adjustable in length and interconnecting said sidewall means at the bottom, whereby energization of said piston-cylindermeans will cause said side wall means to be urged toward each other andwill also cause said top wall to be urged toward said bottom wall.

2. In a baling machine; an elongated baling chamber, a baling plungerreciprocable in said chamber in one end thereof to compact material tobe baled therein and to push the material toward and out the other endof the baling chamber, said baling chamber at said other end comprisinga fixed bottom wall, a vertically movable top wall, and laterallymovable side wall means, means extending laterally beneath said bottomwall and carried thereby adjustably interconnecting said side wall meansat the bottom, a cylinder mounted on the top wall, a piston in thecylinder extending out the top thereof, links pivoted to the piston andextending downwardly and outwardly to the tops of said side wall means,and means for supplying pressure fluid to said cylinder to thrust thepiston upwardly therein thereby to urge the top wall to ward the bottomwall and to urge said side wall means toward each other.

3. In a baling machine; a baling chamber having a discharge end with topand bottom walls, at least the top wall at the said discharge end of thebaler being supported for movement toward said bottom wall, side wallsfor the baling chamber movable toward each other, an expansible fluidmotor having one part mounted on the top wall at said discharge end andhaving a second part movable upwardly relative to said one part, saidside walls comprising bars pivoted to the bottom wall and extendinupwardly along opposite sides of said baling chamber, and links pivotedto and angling upwardly and inwardly from the upper ends of said barsand pivoted to said part of said motor.

4. In a baling machine; a baling chamber having a discharge end with topand bottom walls, at least the top wall at the said discharge end of thebaler being supported for movement toward said bottom wall, side wallmeans for the baling chamber movable toward each other, a cylindermounted on said top wall, a ram in said cylinder projecting upwardlytherefrom, a connector plate pivotally connected to the outer end ofsaid ram, said side wall means comprising bars extending upwardly alongopposite sides of said baling chamber, links pivotally connected to theupper ends of said bars and extending inwardly and upwardly therefromand pivotally connected to said connector plate, blocks beneath thebottom wall to which the lower ends of said bars are pivoted, and meansfor moving said blocks toward and away from each other, the lastmentioned said means comprising a rod having its opposite endsoppositely threaded and said rod threadedly engaging said blocks at itsopposite ends.

5. In a baling machine; a baling chamber having a discharge end with topand bottom walls, at least the top wall at the said discharge end of thebaler being supported for movement toward said bottom Wall, side wallmeans for the baling chamber movable toward each other, a cylindermounted on said top wall, a ram in said cylinder projecting upwardlytherefrom, a connector plate pivotally connected to the outer end ofsaid ram, said side wall means comprising bars extending upwardly alongopposite sides of said baling chamber, links pivotally connected to theupper ends of said bars and extending inwardly and upwardly therefromand pivotally connected to said connector plate, blocks beneath thebottom wall to which the lower ends of said bars are pivoted, a rodhaving its opposite ends oppositely threaded and said rod threadedlyengaging said blocks at its opposite ends, there being a downwardlyopening channel member extending transversely beneath said bottom walland connected thereto, said blocks being slidably mounted in saidchannel and said rod extending along within said channel.

6. In a baling machine; a baling chamber, top and bottom walls for saidbaling chamber, said top wall at its outer end being movable toward theouter end of said bottom wall, said outer ends of said top and bottomwalls forming the discharge end of said baling chamber, said top andbottom walls being rigidly interconnected in their inner ends whichinner ends forms the entrance end of the baling chamber, side Walls forthe baling chamber substantially shorter than the baling chamber andlocated at the discharge end thereof, said side walls comprisinghorizontally extending vertically spaced plates and vertical bar meansoutside of said plates relative to the 'baling chamber and connected tosaid plates, means adjustably pivotally supporting the lower ends ofsaid bar means in the region of said bottom wall, a fluid motor mountedon the top wall having a vertically movable ram extending out of the topthereof, links pivotally connecting the upper end of said ram with theupper ends of said bar means, said links extending downwardly andoutwardly from said ram to said bar means so that energization of saidmotor will urge said top wall at its outer end toward said bottom wallwhile simultaneously urging said side walls toward each other, means forsupplying a regulated pressure to said motor, and tension rod meansfixed to ,said bar means at one end and extending longitudinallyReferences Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS802,410 Sanders Oct. 24, 1905 1,065,648 Wygant June 24, 1913 1,076,288Jackson Oct. 21, 1913 1,631,881 Murray June 7, 1927 2,576,784 Dodds eta1 Nov. 27, 1951 2,791,172 Russell May 7, 1957 2,823,603 Collins Feb.18, 1958

1. IN A BALING MACHINE; AN ELONGATED BALING CHAMBER, A BALING PLUNGERRECIPROCABLE IN SAID CHAMBER IN ONE END THEREOF TO COMPACT MATERIAL TOBE BALED THEREIN AND TO PUSH THE MATERIAL TOWARD AND OUT THE OTHER ENDOF THE BALING CHAMBER SAID BALING CHAMBER AT SAID OTHER END COMPRISING AFIXED BOTTOM WALL, A VERTICALLY MOVABLE TOP WALL, AND LATERALLY MOVABLESIDE WALL MEANS, A VERTICALLY ACTING PISTON-CYLINDER MEANS HAVING ONEPART MOUNTED ON THE TOP WALL AND HAVING ANOTHER PART, LINKS CONNECTINGSAID OTHER PART WITH SAID SIDE WALL MEANS AT THE TOP THEREOF, AND MEANSCARRIED ON THE BOTTOM OF SAID BOTTOM WALL EXTENDING LATERALLY OF THEBALING CHAMBER AND ADJUSTABLE IN LENGTH AND INTERCONNECTING SAID SIDEWALL MEANS AT THE BOTTOM, WHEREBY ENERGIZATION OF SAID PISTON-CYLINDERMEANS WILL CAUSE SAID SIDE WALL MEANS TO BE URGED TOWARD EACH OTHER ANDWILL ALSO CAUSE SAID TOP WALL TO BE URGED TOWARD SAID BOTTOM WALL.